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15 September 2007

Volume 196, Number 6
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2007;196:861–867
© 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
0022-1899/2007/19606-0009$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/521029
MAJOR ARTICLE

Cellular Immunity to Mumps Virus in Young Adults 21 Years after Measles‐Mumps‐Rubella Vaccination

Sari Jokinen,

Pamela Österlund,

Ilkka Julkunen, and

Irja Davidkin

Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland

Background.Measles‐mumps‐rubella (MMR) vaccination has decreased the incidence of measles, mumps, and rubella virus infections in several countries. However, the persistence of MMR vaccine–induced immunity in the absence of endemic infection has remained unknown.

Methods.The persistence of cellular and humoral immunity to mumps virus was studied in 50 individuals (group A) who had been vaccinated twice with MMR vaccine during early childhood and were followed up for 21 years after their first vaccination. Eleven individuals (group B) with naturally acquired immunity to mumps virus were studied for comparison.

Results.Anti–mumps virus IgG antibodies were detectable (titer 230) in 72% of the vaccinees. A mumps antigen–specific lymphoproliferative response (defined as a stimulatory index [SI] 3) was observed in 98% of group A subjects ( SI, [range, 0.5–252]) and in 100% of group B subjects ( SI, [range, 5–123]). Significant mumps antigen–specific interferon‐γ production was detected in 73% of subjects in both groups A and B, and interleukin‐10 production was detected in 40% and 36% of group A and B subjects, respectively.

Conclusions.All presently seronegative vaccinees ( ) had mumps antigen–specific lymphoproliferative responses, and only 1 of the seropositive vaccinees ( ) was devoid of detectable cellular immunity. The results suggest a very long persistence of vaccine‐induced anti–mumps virus cellular immunity.

Received 12 January 2007; accepted 2 April 2007; electronically published 10 August 2007.

Reprints or correspondence: Sari Jokinen, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland ().

Cited by

Corinne Vandermeulen, Frédéric Clement, Mathieu Roelants, Pierre Van Damme, Karel Hoppenbrouwers, and Geert Leroux‐Roels. (2009) Evaluation of Cellular Immunity to Mumps in Vaccinated Individuals with or without Circulating Antibodies up to 16 Years after Their Last Vaccination. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 199:10, 1457-1460
Online publication date: 15-May-2009.
Abstract-Full Text-PDF Version (106 kB)
Charles W. LeBaron, Bagher Forghani, Carol Beck, Cedric Brown, Daoling Bi, Cynthia Cossen, and Bradley J. Sullivan. (2009) Persistence of Mumps Antibodies after 2 Doses of Measles‐Mumps‐Rubella Vaccine. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 199:4, 552-560
Online publication date: 15-Feb-2009.
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Gustavo H. Dayan and Steven Rubin. (2008) Mumps Outbreaks in Vaccinated Populations: Are Available Mumps Vaccines Effective Enough to Prevent Outbreaks?. Clinical Infectious Diseases 47:11, 1458-1467
Online publication date: 1-Dec-2008.
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Steven A. Rubin, Li Qi, Susette A. Audet, Bradley Sullivan, Kathryn M. Carbone, William J. Bellini, Paul A. Rota, Lev Sirota, and Judy Beeler. (2008) Antibody Induced by Immunization with the Jeryl Lynn Mumps Vaccine Strain Effectively Neutralizes a Heterologous Wild‐Type Mumps Virus Associated with a Large Outbreak. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 198:4, 508-515
Online publication date: 15-Aug-2008.
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Rima Hanna‐Wakim, Linda L. Yasukawa, Phillip Sung, Ann M. Arvin, and Hayley A. Gans. (2008) Immune Responses to Mumps Vaccine in Adults Who Were Vaccinated in Childhood. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 197:12, 1669-1675
Online publication date: 15-Jun-2008.
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Irja Davidkin, Sari Jokinen, Mia Broman, Pauli Leinikki, and Heikki Peltola. (2008) Persistence of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Antibodies in an MMR‐Vaccinated Cohort: A 20‐Year Follow‐up. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 197:7, 950-956
Online publication date: 1-Apr-2008.
Abstract-Full Text-PDF Version (222 kB)

  • Potential conflicts of interest: none reported.

    Financial support: National Public Health Institute (Finland).

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