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1 September 2007

Volume 196, Number 5
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2007;196:684–691
© 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
0022-1899/2007/19605-0006$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/519842
MAJOR ARTICLE

Differences in Clinical Manifestations among Cryptosporidium Species and Subtypes in HIV‐Infected Persons

Vitaliano A. Cama,1,3

Jennifer M. Ross,1

Sara Crawford,1

Vivian Kawai,4

Raul Chavez‐Valdez,4

Daniel Vargas,4

Aldo Vivar,4,5

Eduardo Ticona,6

Marco Ñavincopa,6

John Williamson,1

Ynes Ortega,2

Robert H. Gilman,3,4

Caryn Bern,1 and

Lihua Xiao1

1Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector‐Borne and Enteric Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, and 2University of Georgia, Griffin; 3Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; 4Asociacion Benéfica PRISMA, 5Hospital Arzobispo Loayza, and 6Hospital Dos de Mayo, Lima, Peru

We performed a cross‐sectional study to determine the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected persons at 3 diagnostic levels: microscopy, genotypes of Cryptosporidium, and subtype families of C. hominis and C. parvum. The study enrolled 2490 HIV‐infected persons in Lima, Peru, and 230 were microscopy positive for Cryptosporidium infection. Specimens from 193 participants were available for genotyping. They had C. hominis (141 persons), C. parvum (22 persons), C. meleagridis (17 persons), C. canis (6 persons), C. felis (6 persons), and C. suis (1 person) infection. Although microscopy results showed that Cryptosporidium infections were associated with diarrhea, only infections with C. canis, C. felis, and subtype family Id of C. hominis were associated with diarrhea, and infection with C. parvum was associated with chronic diarrhea and vomiting. These results demonstrate that different Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtype families are linked to different clinical manifestations.

Received 10 October 2006; accepted 15 March 2007; electronically published 13 July 2007.

Reprints or correspondence: Lihua Xiao, Div. of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy. NE, MS‐F12, Atlanta, GA 30341 ().

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L. Pelayo, F. A. Nuñez, L. Rojas, H. Wilke, E. Furuseth Hansen, B. Mulder, B. Gjerde, L. Robertson. (2009) Molecular and epidemiological investigations of cryptosporidiosis in Cuban children. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 102:8, 659-669
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Chadaporn Nuchjangreed, Kajohn Boonrod, Jerry Ongerth, Panagiotis Karanis. (2008) Prevalence and molecular characterization of human and bovine Cryptosporidium isolates in Thailand. Parasitology Research 103:6, 1347-1353
Online publication date: 1-Dec-2008.
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Francis Derouin, Marie Lagrange-Xelot. (2008) Treatment of parasitic diarrhea in HIV-infected patients. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 6:3, 337-349
Online publication date: 1-Jul-2008.
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Lihua Xiao, Yaoyu Feng. (2008) Zoonotic cryptosporidiosis. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 52:3, 309-323
Online publication date: 1-May-2008.
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  • Potential conflicts of interest: none reported.

    Financial support: Opportunistic Infections Working Group of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); RG‐ER Fund; National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health (projects 5P01AI051976‐04 and 5R21AI059661‐02 to R.H.G. and V.A.C.); Division of Parasitic Diseases, CDC (Research Participation Program appointment to S.C. administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the CDC).

    The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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