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15 July 2007 Supplement

Volume 45, Number S1
Clinical Infectious Diseases 2007;45:S24–S28
© 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
1058-4838/2007/4502S1-0007$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/518141
SUPPLEMENT ARTICLE

Ty21a Live Oral Typhoid Vaccine and Prevention of Paratyphoid Fever Caused by Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B

Myron M. Levine,1

Catterine Ferreccio,3

Robert E. Black,2

Rosanna Lagos,4

Oriana San Martin,4 and

William C. Blackwelder1

1Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and 2Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and 3Departmento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, and 4Centro para Vacunas en Desarrollo, Hospital de Niños Roberto del Rio, Santiago, Chile

In randomized, controlled field trials in Area Norte and Area Occidente of Santiago, Chile, 2 (Norte) or 3 (Occidente) doses of live oral typhoid vaccine Ty21a in enteric‐coated capsules conferred protection against confirmed Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi disease (53% efficacy in Norte; 67% efficacy in Occidente) during 3 years of follow‐up. There was also a trend in each trial showing protection against S. enterica serovar Paratyphi B disease (56% efficacy in Norte; 42% efficacy in Occidente). To enhance statistical power, an analysis was performed using pooled data from the 2 trials; this pooling of data was justified by the following facts: epidemiologic surveillance and microbiological methods were identical, the trials overlapped during 22 of the 36 months of follow‐up in each trial, the estimates of efficacy against paratyphoid B fever in the 2 trials were roughly similar, and the ratio of follow‐up of vaccine recipients to control subjects in both trials was 1:1. In the pooled analysis, Ty21a conferred significant protection against paratyphoid B fever (efficacy, 49%; 95% confidence interval, 8%–73%; ).

Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Myron M. Levine, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St., HSF1 Rm. 480, Baltimore, MD 21201 ().

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