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15 July 2007 Supplement

Volume 45, Number S1
Clinical Infectious Diseases 2007;45:S15–S19
© 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
1058-4838/2007/4502S1-0005$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/518140
SUPPLEMENT ARTICLE

Cell‐Mediated Immunity and Antibody Responses Elicited by Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strains Used as Live Oral Vaccines in Humans

Marcelo B. Sztein

Center for Vaccine Development and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore

The development of improved typhoid vaccines is a high global public health priority. However, their development has been hampered by a lack of information regarding the specific determinants of protective immunity to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) infection in humans. Although antibodies to S. Typhi O, H, and Vi appear to be involved in protection against S. Typhi infection, it is unknown whether such antibodies mediate protection, act in conjunction with other adaptive responses, or serve as a surrogate for the presence of other, more dominant protective immune responses (e.g., cell‐mediated immunity [CMI]). CMI responses elicited by immunization of subjects with attenuated S. Typhi oral vaccines include lymphoproliferation; production of type 1 cytokines (e.g., interferon‐γ and tumor necrosis factor–α); and classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia–restricted and novel, nonclassical MHC class Ib (human leukocyte antigen [HLA]–E)–restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T cell responses. In sum, human immunity to S. Typhi elicited by immunization is unexpectedly broad and complex. However, the immunologic correlates of protection remain largely undefined.

Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Marcelo B. Sztein, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St., HSF1 Rm. 480, Baltimore, MD 21201 ().

Cited by

James E Galen, Marcela F Pasetti, Sharon Tennant, Patricia Ruiz-Olvera, Marcelo B Sztein, Myron M Levine. (2009) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi live vector vaccines finally come of age. Immunology and Cell Biology 87:5, 400-412
Online publication date: 1-Aug-2009.
CrossRef
R Wahid, R Salerno-Gonçalves, C O Tacket, M M Levine, M B Sztein. (2008) Generation of specific effector and memory T cells with gut- and secondary lymphoid tissue- homing potential by oral attenuated CVD 909 typhoid vaccine in humans. Mucosal Immunology 1:5, 389-398
Online publication date: 1-Oct-2008.
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William A. Petri, Mark Miller, Henry J. Binder, Myron M. Levine, Rebecca Dillingham, Richard L. Guerrant. (2008) Enteric infections, diarrhea, and their impact on function and development. Journal of Clinical Investigation 118:4, 1277-1290
Online publication date: 1-May-2008.
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