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01 August 1997 Supplement

Volume 176, Number S1
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 1997;176:S45–S49
0022-1899/1997/76S1-0010$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/514175

Development of Novel Influenza Virus Vaccines and Vectors

Peter Palese

Fidel Zavala

Thomas Muster

Ruth S. Nussenzweig

Adolfo Garcfa‐Sastre

Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, and Department of Medical and Molecular Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Institute for Applied Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Vienna, Austria

Approaches to improve the efficacy of the current (killed) influenza virus vaccines include the generation of cold‐adapted and genetically engineered influenza viruses containing specific attenuating mutations. It is hoped that these genetically altered viruses, in which the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes from circulating strains have been incorporated by reassortment, can be used as safe live influenza virus vaccines to induce a long‐lasting protective immune response in humans. In addition, genetically engineered influenza viruses may provide a means for expressing foreign antigens. Immunization of mice with recombinant influenza and vaccinia viruses expressing specific antigens of Plasmodium yoelii resulted in a dramatic protective immune response against malaria in this model. Mice immunized with recombinant influenza viruses expressing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epitopes generated long‐lasting HIV‐specific serum antibodies and secretory IgA in the secretory nasal, vaginal, and intestinal mucosa. These results suggest that genetically engineered influenza viruses may be developed for use as live virus vaccines against influenza as well as other diseases.

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