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1 May 2007

Volume 195, Number 9
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2007;195:1270–1277
© 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
0022-1899/2007/19509-0007$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/513568
MAJOR ARTICLE

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection Does Not Influence Viral Dynamics during Early HIV‐1 Infection

Edward R. Cachay,1

Simon D. W. Frost,1

Douglas D. Richman,1,2

Davey M. Smith,1,2 and

Susan J. Little1

1University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, and 2Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego

Objective.We sought to compare baseline and longitudinal plasma HIV‐1 loads between herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2)–seropositive and –seronegative individuals who are enrolled in a primary HIV‐1 infection cohort in San Diego, California.

Design.The study was a retrospective cohort analysis.

Methods.We categorized antiretroviral‐naive subjects on the basis of HSV‐2 serostatus at baseline using an HSV‐2 enzyme immunoassay. Low positive results (1.1–3.5) were confirmed by Western blotting. We compared baseline HIV‐1 loads of the 2 groups using a linear model. To detect differences in HIV‐1 dynamics, we analyzed longitudinal viral loads using a flexible semiparametric model, controlling for the time to antiretroviral therapy and stratifying by HIV‐1 infection stage at entry.

Results.We studied 294 adult men. Ninety percent reported sex with men as their main HIV‐1 risk factor. The seroprevalence of HSV‐2 was 41.5%. The HSV‐2–seropositive and –seronegative groups had similar baseline HIV‐1 loads during acute infection (5.52 vs. 5.72 log10 copies/mL; ) and early infection (4.57 vs. 4.67 log10 copies/mL; ). Longitudinally, the difference in HIV‐1 loads between HSV‐2–seropositive and –seronegative men remained close to 0 during the first year of infection.

Conclusions.HSV‐2 serostatus has minimal influence on the dynamics of HIV‐1 during acute and early HIV‐1 infection.

Received 25 September 2006; accepted 1 November 2006; electronically published 15 March 2007.

  • (See the editorial commentary by Corey, on pages 1242–4, and the article by Kapiga et al., on pages 1260–9.)

Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Edward R. Cachay, University of California, San Diego, Antiviral Research Center, 150 W. Washington St., San Diego, CA 92103 ().

Cited by

Aaron AR Tobian, Thomas C Quinn. (2009) Herpes simplex virus type 2 and syphilis infections with HIV: an evolving synergy in transmission and prevention. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 4:4, 294-299
Online publication date: 1-Aug-2009.
CrossRef
Barbara Romanowski, Linda N. Myziuk, Sharon L. Walmsley, Sylvie Trottier, Ameeta E. Singh, Stanley Houston, Mark Joffe, Isabelle Chiu. (2009) Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in a Population of HIV-Infected Patients in Canada. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 36:3, 165-169
Online publication date: 1-Apr-2009.
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Eileen F Dunne, Sara Whitehead, Maya Sternberg, Sukhon Thepamnuay, Wanna Leelawiwat, Janet M McNicholl, Surin Sumanapun, Jordan W Tappero, Taweesap Siriprapasiri, Lauri Markowitz. (2008) Suppressive Acyclovir Therapy Reduces HIV Cervicovaginal Shedding in HIV- and HSV-2-Infected Women, Chiang Rai, Thailand. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 49:1, 77-83
Online publication date: 1-Oct-2008.
CrossRef
David M Butler, Davey M Smith, Edward R Cachay, George K Hightower, Charles Thomas Nugent, Douglas D Richman, Susan J Little. (2008) Herpes simplex virus 2 serostatus and viral loads of HIV-1 in blood and semen as risk factors for HIV transmission among men who have sex with men. AIDS 22:13, 1667-1671
Online publication date: 1-Sep-2008.
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Prameet M. Sheth, Sherzana Sunderji, Lucy Y. Y. Shin, Anuradha Rebbapragada, Sanja Huibner, Joshua Kimani, Kelly S. MacDonald, Elizabeth Ngugi, Job J. Bwayo, Stephen Moses, Colin Kovacs, Mona Loutfy, and Rupert Kaul. (2008) Coinfection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Is Associated with Reduced HIV‐Specific T Cell Responses and Systemic Immune Activation. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 197:10, 1394-1401
Online publication date: 15-May-2008.
Abstract-Full Text-PDF Version (284 kB)
Edward R Cachay, Simon D W Frost, Art F Y Poon, David Looney, Sherry M Rostami, Mary E Pacold, Douglas D Richman, Susan J Little, Davey M Smith. (2008) Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Acquisition During Recent HIV Infection Does Not Influence Plasma HIV Levels. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 47:5, 592-596
Online publication date: 1-May-2008.
CrossRef
Lawrence Corey. (2007) Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and HIV‐1: The Dialogue between the 2 Organisms Continues. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 195:9, 1242-1244
Online publication date: 1-May-2007.
Citation-Full Text-PDF Version (245 kB)

  • Potential conflicts of interest: none reported.

    Financial support: Bristol‐Myers Squibb (2005 Fellow Virology Research Award Program); National Institutes of Health (grants AI27670, AI43638, AI36214 [to the University of California, San Diego Center for AIDS Research], AI29164, AI47745, AI57167, and 5k23‐AI55276); Research Center for AIDS and HIV Infection, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System.

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