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15 March 2007

Volume 44, Number 6
Clinical Infectious Diseases 2007;44:810–816
© 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
1058-4838/2007/4406-0008$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/511861
MAJOR ARTICLE

The Changing Epidemiology of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease, Especially in Persons 65 Years Old

Mark S. Dworkin,1

Lee Park,1,2 and

Stephanie M. Borchardt3

1Division of Infectious Diseases, Illinois Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois; 2University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and 3Fargo Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Fargo, North Dakota

Background.Few studies have reported the epidemiological characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae disease among adults.

Methods.Public health surveillance and hospital discharge data from Illinois were examined to determine the descriptive epidemiological characteristics and trends of invasive H. influenzae disease, and mortality data from Illinois were compared with data from several other states.

Results.During January 1996–December 2004, 770 cases of invasive H. influenzae disease were reported to the Illinois Department of Public Health (Springfield). The incidence of disease increased from 0.4 to 1.0 cases per 100,000 persons, including an increase of incidence in adults aged 65 years from 1.1 to 3.9 cases per 100,000 persons. Nontypeable H. influenzae disease accounted for the greatest proportion of cases (35.8%–61.5%) in all but 1 age group. The number of cases of invasive nontypeable H. influenzae disease increased by 657%, from a low of 7 cases in 1996 to a high of 53 cases in 2004; as a proportion of annual cases, nontypeable H. influenzae disease increased from 17.5% in 1996 to 70.7% in 2004. Overall, the case‐fatality rate was 12.7%, with the highest rate observed in persons aged 65 years (20.6%). The case‐fatality rate was similar for the hospital discharge database and for Indiana, Maryland, Oregon, and Wisconsin (range, 12.9%–18.2%).

Conclusions.In Illinois, the incidence of invasive H. influenzae disease increased from 1996 to 2004, and its epidemiological characteristics changed from a disease predominantly found in children and dominated by serotype b to a disease predominantly found in adults and dominated by nontypeable strains.

Received 4 August 2006; accepted 19 October 2006; electronically published 1 February 2007.

Correspondence: Dr. Mark S. Dworkin, University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Div. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 1603 W. Taylor St. (MC923), Chicago, IL 60612 ().

Cited by

Timothy F. Murphy, Howard Faden, Lauren O. Bakaletz, Jennelle M. Kyd, Arne Forsgren, Jose Campos, Mumtaz Virji, Stephen I. Pelton. (2009) Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae as a Pathogen in Children. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 28:1, 43-48
Online publication date: 1-Feb-2009.
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David W. Scheifele, Julie A. Bettinger, Scott A. Halperin, Barbara Law, Robert Bortolussi. (2008) Ongoing Control of Haemophilus influenzae Type B Infections in Canadian Children, 2004–2007. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 27:8, 755-757
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Raymond S. W. Tsang, Michelle L. Sill, Stuart J. Skinner, Dennis K. S. Law, Jianwei Zhou, and John Wylie. (2007) Characterization of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease in Manitoba, Canada, 2000–2006: Invasive Disease due to Non–Type B Strains. Clinical Infectious Diseases 44:12, 1611-1614
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Abstract-Full Text-PDF Version (280 kB)
Anne Schuchat and Nancy Rosenstein Messonnier. (2007) Editorial Commentary: From Pandemic Suspect to the Postvaccine Era: The Haemophilus influenzae Story. Clinical Infectious Diseases 44:6, 817-819
Online publication date: 15-Mar-2007.
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