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15 February 2007

Volume 44, Number 4
Clinical Infectious Diseases 2007;44:493–501
© 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
1058-4838/2007/4404-0003$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/511034
MAJOR ARTICLE

An Outbreak in an Intensive Care Unit of a Strain of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 239 Associated with an Increased Rate of Vascular Access Device–Related Bacteremia

Jonathan D. Edgeworth,1,3

Ghasem Yadegarfar,5

Smriti Pathak,3

Rahul Batra,1

Joshua D. Cockfield,4

Duncan Wyncoll,2

Richard Beale,2 and

Jodi A. Lindsay4

1Department of Infection and 2Intensive Care Unit, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust, 3Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, King’s College London School of Medicine at Guy’s, King’s College, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, Guy’s Hospital, and 4Centre for Infection, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George’s University of London, London, and 5Public Health Sciences and Medical Statistics Group, School of Medicine, Southampton University, Southampton, United Kingdom

Background.Patients in intensive care units are at high risk of developing methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia. We report an epidemiological and bacterial genomic analysis of a 2‐year outbreak in an intensive care unit of a variant of MRSA sequence type 239 (hereafter designated TW).

Methods.A cohort study was conducted to compare risk factors for MRSA bacteremia in patients who acquired TW versus patients who acquired non‐TW strains of MRSA. Genetic analysis of TW was performed using multilocus sequence typing and microarray analysis.

Results.Patients who acquired TW were more likely than patients who acquired non‐TW strains of MRSA to have MRSA isolated from blood samples (47% vs. 13%; ) and to have MRSA‐positive vascular access device–sample cultures (59% vs. 26%; ), but less likely to have MRSA isolated from screening swab samples (30% vs. 71%; ). This increased rate of TW bacteremia was confined to the first week after acquisition of TW infection. Using Cox regression analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio for bacteremia with TW was 4.5 times that of non‐TW strains of MRSA (95% confidence interval, 2.25–9.00; ). Microarray analysis revealed that TW had accumulated all detectable mobile genetic elements that were variably expressed by other epidemic strains of MRSA sequence type 239 in the United Kingdom.

Conclusions.To our knowledge, this is the first report to provide direct evidence that strains of MRSA can differ in their ability to cause bacteremia. Further genetic and in vitro analysis of the TW strain may provide insight into the mechanism of vascular access device–related bacteremia in the intensive care unit environment.

Received 29 July 2006; accepted 27 September 2006; electronically published 16 January 2007.

Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Jonathan D Edgeworth, Dept. of Infection, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK ().

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Rahul Batra, Alice C. Eziefula, Duncan Wyncoll, Jonathan Edgeworth. (2008) Throat and rectal swabs may have an important role in MRSA screening of critically ill patients. Intensive Care Medicine 34:9, 1703-1706
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Online publication date: 15-Feb-2007.
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