All Journals > Clinical Infectious Diseases > 1 February 2007 > Sexual Transmission of Shigellosis

Article Tools

Search for Related Articles

  • By Author
  • Search In

Announcements

CID LISTED AMONG
“MOST INFLUENTIAL”

Clinical Infectious Diseases has been named as one of the "100 Most Influential Journals in Biology and Medicine" of the past 100 years by the Special Libraries Association. The list was compiled by the 680-plus members of SLA’s Biomedical and Life Sciences Division.

See the full list here.

Source: The DBIO 100, the 100 Most Influential Journals in Biology & Medicine over the last 100 Years

In the News

Featured in MSNBC
"Germs and flu are up; infection control is down" June 9, 2009
Trends in the Incidence of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Children’s Hospitals in the United States
Jeffrey S. Gerber, Susan E. Coffin, Sarah A. Smathers, and Theoklis E. Zaoutis
Just this week, researchers reported that the incidence of MRSA infections among children admitted to pediatric hospitals in the United States more than tripled between 2002 and 2007. Researchers at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania found cases of MRSA jumped from 6.7 per 1,000 admissions in 2002 to 21.1 cases per 1,000 admissions in 2007, according to a study released online Monday in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases.

Featured in Toronto Star
"Pigs, viruses and politics" May 2, 2009
Are Swine Workers in the United States at Increased Risk of Infection with Zoonotic Influenza Virus?
Kendall P. Myers, Christopher W. Olsen, Sharon F. Setterquist, Ana W. Capuano, Kelley J. Donham, Eileen L. Thacker, James A. Merchant, and Gregory C. Gray
Another study, this one published in the U.S. journal Clinical Infectious Diseases in 2006, found that workers in meat-processing plants have a greater likelihood of being infected by some version of the H1N1 flu virus than the general population (the odds of pig farmers getting the disease are significantly greater again).

Featured in Philadelphia Inquirer
"A shot in the arm for vaccines" April 19, 2009
Vaccines: Pneumococcal Vaccination of Elderly Adults: New Paradigms for Protection
Lisa A. Jackson and Edward N. Janoff
Every year, an estimated 915,000 people 65 and older get pneumonia, and 40 percent of them end up in hospitals, according to a 2004 paper in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases. Pneumonia often kills older people, said Richard Stefanacci, a geriatrician at the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia.

1 February 2007

Volume 44, Number 3
Clinical Infectious Diseases 2007;44:327–334
© 2006 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
1058-4838/2007/4403-0003$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/510593
MAJOR ARTICLE

Case‐Control Study of Shigellosis in San Francisco: The Role of Sexual Transmission and HIV Infection

Tomás J. Aragón,1,2

Duc J. Vugia,3,4

Sue Shallow,4

Michael C. Samuel,4

Arthur Reingold,2,4

Frederick J. Angulo,5 and

Williamson Z. Bradford4

1San Francisco Department of Public Health, City and County of San Francisco, San Francisco, 2School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, 3California Department of Health Services, Richmond, and 4California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California; and 5Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

Background.Shigella species infect 450,000 persons annually in the United States. Person‐to‐person transmission of Shigella species, which have a low infectious dose, occurs frequently, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene. Sexual transmission of Shigella species among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been inferred from outbreaks of shigellosis among that population, and limited studies have suggested the importance of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection as a risk factor for shigellosis. No population‐based study of sporadic shigellosis has evaluated the role of sexual practices (especially among MSM) and HIV infection along with other established risk factors for shigellosis.

Methods.We conducted a population‐based case‐control study of shigellosis in adults in San Francisco, California, during the period 1998–1999. Cases of Shigella infection were identified through laboratory‐based active surveillance conducted by the California Emerging Infections Program. Seventy‐six case patients were matched by sex with 146 control subjects. Exposure data were collected on established risk factors, sexual practices, and HIV infection status. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were conducted. Population‐attributable fractions were calculated.

Results.From the multivariable analysis, for men, shigellosis was associated with MSM (odds ratio [OR], 8.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.70–25.2), HIV infection (OR, 8.17; 95% CI, 2.71–24.6), direct oral‐anal contact (OR, 7.50; 95% CI, 1.74–32.3), and foreign travel (OR, 20.0; 95% CI, 5.26–76.3), with population‐attributable fractions of 0.72, 0.42, 0.31, and 0.18, respectively. For women, shigellosis was associated only with foreign travel (OR, 21.0; 95% CI, 2.52–899), with a population‐attributable fraction of 0.37.

Conclusions.Among MSM, shigellosis is predominantly a sexually transmitted disease, with direct oral‐anal contact conferring the highest risk and HIV infection likely contributing to increased host susceptibility.

Received 6 September 2006; accepted 27 September 2006; electronically published 29 December 2006.

Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Tomás J. Aragón, School of Public Health, Div. of Epidemiology, University of California at Berkeley, 140 Warren Hall, MC‐7360, Berkeley, CA 94720‐7360 ().

Cited by

Bennett S. Shenker, Daisy Wynn. (2009) Shigella flexeneri Bacteremia in an Adult Male With Newly Diagnosed Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acute Hepatitis B Infection. Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 17:2, 114-115
Online publication date: 1-Apr-2009.
CrossRef
Ruthanne Marcus. (2008) New information about pediatric foodborne infections: the view from FoodNet. Current Opinion in Pediatrics 20:1, 79-84
Online publication date: 1-Mar-2008.
CrossRef
Gini G. C. Van Rijckevorsel, Gerard J. B. Sonder, Lian P. M. J. Bovée, Harold F. J. Thiesbrummel, Ronald B. Geskus, Anneke Van Den Hoek. (2008) Trends in Hepatitis A, B, and Shigellosis Compared With Gonorrhea and Syphilis in Men Who Have Sex With Men in Amsterdam, 1992–2006. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 35:11, 930
CrossRef
Demetre C. Daskalakis and Martin J. Blaser. (2007) Editorial Commentary: Another Perfect Storm: Shigella, Men Who Have Sex with Men, and HIV. Clinical Infectious Diseases 44:3, 335-337
Online publication date: 1-Feb-2007.
Citation-Full Text-PDF Version (244 kB)
Back to Top
Close Popup