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15 February 2007

Volume 195, Number 4
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2007;195:502–510
© 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
0022-1899/2007/19504-0007$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/510532
MAJOR ARTICLE

DNA Sequence Variability in Isolates Recovered from Patients with Postvaccination Rash or Herpes Zoster Caused by Oka Varicella Vaccine

Vladimir N. Loparev,1

Elena Rubtcova,1

Jane F. Seward,1

Myron J. Levin,2 and

D. Scott Schmid1

1National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; 2Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver

Little is known about the pathogenic potential of individual strains in the varicella vaccine. We analyzed genomic variation among specimens obtained from vaccine recipients with postvaccination rash or herpes zoster (HZ), focusing on polymorphisms between live attenuated varicella vaccine virus and wild‐type varicella‐zoster virus. Eleven of 18 postvaccination HZ specimens contained >1 strain, and 7 of 18 appeared to be clonal. All 21 postvaccination rash specimens contained mixtures of vaccine strains. Four single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) consistently occurred in every isolate; all were polymorphisms in open‐reading frame (ORF) 62, and 2 confer amino acid substitutions in the immediate‐early protein 62. Four wild‐type SNPs occurred in every isolate: one each occurred in ORF 10, ORF 21, ORF 62, and a noncoding region upstream of ORF 64. The frequencies of the remaining wild‐type SNPs were variable, with the SNPs uniformly expressed (even in mixtures) in 20.5%–97.4% of isolates (mean frequency, 67.7%). No 2 clinical isolates had identical SNP profiles; as such, vaccine latency usually involves >1 strain.

Received 5 May 2006; accepted 9 August 2006; electronically published 10 January 2007.

Reprints or correspondence: D. Scott Schmid, Herpesvirus Group and National VZV Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS G‐18, Atlanta, GA 30333 ().

Cited by

Ruth Harbecke, Michael N. Oxman, Beth A. Arnold, Charlotte Ip, Gary R. Johnson, Myron J. Levin, Lawrence D. Gelb, Kenneth E. Schmader, Stephen E. Straus, Hui Wang, Peter F. Wright, Constance T. Pachucki, Anne A. Gershon, Robert D. Arbeit, Larry E. Davis, Michael S. Simberkoff, Adriana Weinberg, Heather M. Williams, Carol Cheney, Luba Petrukhin, Katalin G. Abraham, Alan Shaw, Susan Manoff, Joseph M. Antonello, Tina Green, Yue Wang, Charles Tan, Paul M. Keller, . (2009) A real-time PCR assay to identify and discriminate among wild-type and vaccine strains of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus in clinical specimens, and comparison with the clinical diagnoses. Journal of Medical Virology 81:7, 1310-1322
Online publication date: 1-Aug-2009.
CrossRef
Myron J. Levin, Roberta L. DeBiasi, Vanda Bostik, and D. Scott Schmid. (2008) Herpes Zoster with Skin Lesions and Meningitis Caused by 2 Different Genotypes of the Oka Varicella‐Zoster Virus Vaccine. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 198:10, 1444-1447
Online publication date: 15-Nov-2008.
Abstract-Full Text-PDF Version (227 kB)
Judith Breuer. (2008) Herpes Zoster: New Insights Provide an Important Wake‐Up Call for Management of Nosocomial Transmission. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 197:5, 635-637
Online publication date: 1-Mar-2008.
Citation-Full Text-PDF Version (44 kB)
Adriana S. Lopez, Andrea Burnett‐Hartman, Ram Nambiar, Linda Ritz, Patricia Owens, Vladimir N. Loparev, Dalya Guris, and D. Scott Schmid. (2008) Transmission of a Newly Characterized Strain of Varicella‐Zoster Virus from a Patient with Herpes Zoster in a Long‐Term‐Care Facility, West Virginia, 2004. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 197:5, 646-653
Online publication date: 1-Mar-2008.
Abstract-Full Text-PDF Version (276 kB)
Judith Breuer and D. Scott Schmid. (2008) Vaccine Oka Variants and Sequence Variability in Vaccine‐Related Skin Lesions. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 197:s2, S54-S57
Online publication date: 1-Mar-2008.
Abstract-Full Text-PDF Version (169 kB)
(2007) Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 16:9, i-xii
Online publication date: 1-Oct-2007.
CrossRef
D. Scott Schmid, Myron J. Levin, and Vladimir N. Loparev. (2007) Reply to Breuer et al.. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 196:5, 802-803
Online publication date: 1-Sep-2007.
Citation-Full Text-PDF Version (227 kB)
Judith Breuer, Mark Quinlivan, Mahmoud Al Bassam, Susannah Macdonald, Richard A. Nichols, Sharon P. Steinberg, Philip La Russa, and Anne A. Gershon. (2007) DNA Sequence Variability in Oka Vaccine Isolates. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 196:5, 801-802
Online publication date: 1-Sep-2007.
Citation-Full Text-PDF Version (227 kB)

  • Potential conflicts of interest: none reported.

    Presented in entirety: 30th International Herpesvirus Workshop, Turku, Finland, 30 July through 4 August 2005 (abstract 4.17).

    Financial support: National Vaccine Program Office Unmet Needs (grant N25 in 2003); core programmatic funds allocated to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

    All authors contributed equally to this work. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency.

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