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1 December 2006

Volume 194, Number 11
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2006;194:1589–1596
0022-1899/2006/19411-0017$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/508995
MAJOR ARTICLE

Experimental Model to Evaluate the Human Body Louse as a Vector of Plague

Linda Houhamdi,1

Hubert Lepidi,1,2

Michel Drancourt,1 and

Didier Raoult1

1Unité des Rickettsies, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 48, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6020, Université de la Méditerranée, and 2Laboratoire d’Histologie, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France

Yersinia pestis has been found in human body lice during plague outbreaks. To evaluate the role that the human body louse plays as a vector of plague, we allowed lice to feed on rabbits made bacteremic by intravenous inoculation of 109 colony‐forming units of 3 strains of Y. pestis. High mortality rates were observed in all lice 2 and 3 days after infection. The lice remained infected with the strains for their life span and excreted viable organisms in their feces from day 1, although they were unable to lay eggs. The lice infected with 2 virulent strains of Y. pestis transmitted the organisms during feeding to uninfected rabbits, which became septicemic and died of plague (with 1 exception) 1 day later. Infections were transmitted to naive lice that were fed on these rabbits, showing that lice can be vectors of Y. pestis in an experimental model.

Received 13 March 2006; accepted 28 July 2006; electronically published 18 October 2006.

Reprints or correspondence: Pr. Didier Raoult, Université de la Méditerranée, Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR6020, IFR48, 27 Blvd. Jean Moulin, Marseille cedex 5 13385, France ().

Cited by

Todd J. Kowalski and William A. Agger. (2009) Art Supports New Plague Science. Clinical Infectious Diseases 48:1, 137-138
Online publication date: 1-Jan-2009.
S. Ayyadurai, L. Houhamdi, H. Lepidi, C. Nappez, D. Raoult, M. Drancourt. (2008) Long-term persistence of virulent Yersinia pestis in soil. Microbiology 154:9, 2865-2871
Online publication date: 1-Oct-2008.
CrossRef
V. M. BOWLES, A. R. YOUNG, S. C. BARKER. (2008) Metalloproteases and egg-hatching in Pediculus humanus, the body (clothes) louse of humans (Phthiraptera: Insecta). Parasitology 135:01,
Online publication date: 1-Feb-2008.
CrossRef
(2007) Arbobakterien (über Arthropoden übertragbare Bakterien). Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 50:9, 1192-1207
Online publication date: 1-Oct-2007.
CrossRef
  • Potential conflicts of interest: none reported.

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