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1 September 2006

Volume 194, Number 5
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2006;194:588–593
© 2006 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
0022-1899/2006/19405-0009$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/505878
MAJOR ARTICLE

Quantitative Evaluation of Rotaviral Antigenemia in Children with Acute Rotaviral Diarrhea

Pratima Ray,1

Martijn Fenaux,2

Sumit Sharma,1

Jyoti Malik,1

Swati Subodh,1

Shinjini Bhatnagar,1

Harry Greenberg,2

Roger I. Glass,3

Jon Gentsch,3 and

M. K. Bhan1

1Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; 2Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; 3Viral Gastroenteritis Section, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

Background.Rotaviral antigen and RNA have recently been identified in the serum of patients with rotaviral gastroenteritis, but the roles they play in disease remains undetermined.

Methods.Rotaviral antigen and RNA were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay and by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction in stool and serum specimens from children with rotaviral diarrhea ( ), children with nonrotaviral diarrhea ( ), and nondiarrheal control children ( ).

Results.Rotaviral antigenemia was detected in 64%, 3%, and 0% of the children with rotaviral diarrhea, the children with nonrotaviral diarrhea, and the nondiarrheal control children, respectively. The level of rotaviral antigen in serum was –fold lower than that in stool, and a moderate correlation was observed between the 2 levels. Rotaviral RNA was detected in 93% of the antigen‐positive serum specimens. The median number of RNA copies in serum was ‐fold lower than that in stool, and no correlation was observed between the 2 levels. Serum levels of both antigen and RNA were inversely associated with baseline titers of rotaviral serum immunoglobulin G ( ). Antigenemia was also associated with G1 serotype.

Conclusions.Rotaviral antigenemia and viremia were common in children with rotaviral diarrhea, but antigen and RNA levels in serum were substantially lower than those in stool. Antigenemia was associated with infection with G1 strains and with low baseline titers of rotaviral serum antibody.

Received 13 January 2006; accepted 31 March 2006; electronically published 26 July 2006.

Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Pratima Ray, Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dept. of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India ().

Cited by

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Online publication date: 1-Jan-2009.
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Molly M. Freeman, Tara Kerin, Jennifer Hull, Karen McCaustland, Jon Gentsch. (2008) Enhancement of detection and quantification of rotavirus in stool using a modified real-time RT-PCR assay. Journal of Medical Virology 80:8, 1489-1496
Online publication date: 1-Sep-2008.
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Online publication date: 27-Jul-2008.
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Hans-Iko Huppertz, Nuran Salman, Carlo Giaquinto. (2008) Risk Factors for Severe Rotavirus Gastroenteritis. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 27:Supplement, S11-S19
Online publication date: 1-Feb-2008.
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Robert F Ramig. (2007) Systemic rotavirus infection. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 5:4, 591-612
Online publication date: 1-Sep-2007.
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Sarah E Blutt, Margaret E Conner. (2007) Rotavirus: to the gut and beyond!. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 23:1, 39???43
Online publication date: 1-Feb-2007.
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  • Presented in part: XIII International Congress of Virology, San Francisco, 23–28 July 2005 (abstract 262‐V).

    Potential conflicts of interest: none reported.

    Financial support: Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, through the Indo‐US Vaccine Action Program and the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health.

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