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1 August 2006

Volume 43, Number 3
Clinical Infectious Diseases 2006;43:297–304
© 2006 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
1058-4838/2006/4303-0006$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/505397
MAJOR ARTICLE

Plasmid‐Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Non‐Typhi Serotypes of Salmonella enterica

Kathryn Gay,1,2,a

Ari Robicsek,3,a

Jacob Strahilevitz,4

Chi Hye Park,4

George Jacoby,5

Timothy J. Barrett,2

Felicita Medalla,1,2

Tom M. Chiller,2 and

David C. Hooper5

1Atlanta Research and Education Foundation and 2Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; 3Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, Illinois; 4Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and 5Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts

Background.Serious infections with Salmonella species are often treated with fluoroquinolones or extended‐spectrum β‐lactams. Increasingly recognized in Enterobacteriaceae, plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance is encoded by qnr genes. Here, we report the presence of qnr variants in human isolates of non‐Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica (hereafter referred to as non‐Typhi Salmonella) from the United States National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria.

Methods.All non‐Typhi Salmonella specimens from the United States National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria collected from 1996 to 2003 with ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentrations 0.06 μg/mL (233 specimens) and a subset with minimum inhibitory concentrations 0.03 μg/mL (102 specimens) were screened for all known qnr genes (A, B, and S) by polymerase chain reaction. For isolates with positive results, qnr and quinolone resistance–determining region sequences were determined. Plasmids containing qnr genes were characterized by conjugation or transformation.

Results.Conjugative plasmids harboring qnrB variants were detected in 7 Salmonella enterica serotype Berta isolates and 1 Salmonella enterica serotype Mbandaka isolate. The S. Mbandaka plasmid also had an extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase. Variants of qnrS on nonconjugative plasmids were detected in isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Anatum and Salmonella enterica serotype Bovismorbificans.

Conclusions.Plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance appears to be widely distributed, though it is still uncommon in non‐Typhi Salmonella isolates from the United States, including strains that are quinolone susceptible by the criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (formerly the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards). The presence of this gene in non‐Typhi Salmonella that causes infection in humans suggests potential for spread through the food supply, which is a public health concern.

Received 21 January 2006; accepted 17 April 2006; electronically published 20 June 2006.

Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Kathryn Gay, Mail Stop G‐29, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333 ().

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Citation-Full Text-PDF Version (182 kB)
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  • K.G. and A.R. contributed equally to this article.

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