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15 January 2006

Volume 193, Number 2
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2006;193:172–179
This article is in the public domain, and no copyright is claimed.
0022-1899/2006/19302-0002
DOI: 10.1086/499632
MAJOR ARTICLE

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in the United States, 2001–2002

Matthew J. Kuehnert,1

Deanna Kruszon‐Moran,2

Holly A. Hill,1

Geraldine McQuillan,2

Sigrid K. McAllister,1

Gregory Fosheim,1

Linda K. McDougal,1

Jasmine Chaitram,1

Bette Jensen,1

Scott K. Fridkin,1

George Killgore,1 and

Fred C. Tenover1

1National Center for Infectious Diseases and 2National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

Background.Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of disease, particularly in colonized persons. Although methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection has become increasingly reported, population‐based S. aureus and MRSA colonization estimates are lacking.

Methods.Nasal samples for S. aureus culture and sociodemographic data were obtained from 9622 persons 1 year old as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2002. After screening for oxacillin susceptibility, MRSA and selected methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis clonal type, toxin genes (e.g., for Panton‐Valentine leukocidin [PVL]), and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type I–IV genes.

Results.For 2001–2002, national S. aureus and MRSA colonization prevalence estimates were 32.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30.7%–34.1%) and 0.8% (95% CI, 0.4%–1.4%), respectively, and population estimates were 89.4 million persons (95% CI, 84.8–94.1 million persons) and 2.3 million persons (95% CI, 1.2–3.8 million persons), respectively. S. aureus colonization prevalence was highest in participants 6–11 years old. MRSA colonization was associated with age 60 years and being female but not with recent health‐care exposure. In unweighted analyses, the SCCmec type IV gene was more frequent in isolates from participants of younger age and of non‐Hispanic black race/ethnicity; the PVL gene was present in 9 (2.4%) of 372 of isolates tested.

Conclusions.Many persons in the United States are colonized with S. aureus; prevalence rates differ demographically. MRSA colonization prevalence, although low nationally in 2001–2002, may vary with demographic and organism characteristics.

Received 28 July 2005; accepted 11 November 2005; electronically published 15 December 2005.

  • (See the editorial commentary by Creech et al., on pages 169–71.)

Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Matthew J. Kuehnert, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, MS A‐30, Atlanta, GA 30333 ().

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  • Presented in part: 42nd annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Boston, Massachusetts, 30 September–3 October 2004.

    Potential conflicts of interest: none reported.

    Financial support: Office of Antimicrobial Resistance, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

    The findings and conclusions presented in this article are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Health and Human Services.

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