Division of Communicable Diseases and Travel Clinic, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine of the University, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Travelers’ Health, Zurich, Switzerland
Among travelers from developed countries who visit developing countries, >60% may experience traveler’s diarrhea, accounting for 40,000 travelers daily or >15 million travelers annually. Traveler’s diarrhea is often accompanied by other symptoms, most often abdominal cramps. Although the spontaneous cure occurs after a mean of 4 days, a few patients have symptoms for weeks, and it is increasingly noted that some patients may later develop irritable bowel syndrome. Traveler’s diarrhea is life threatening only exceptionally, but it frequently it leads to incapacitation. Both host factors (e.g., age, behavior, nationality, and genetic factors) and environmental factors (primarily the selected destination and hotel) play an important role in risk for traveler’s diarrhea.
Cited by
Lori A. Spies. (2009) Diarrhea A to Z: America to Zimbabwe.
Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners 21:6, 307-313
Online publication date: 1-Jul-2009.
CrossRef Maria N Wyss, Robert Steffen, Nitin Y. Dhupdale, Sumit Thitiphuree, Margot Mutsch. (2009) Management of Travelers’ Diarrhea by Local Physicians in Tropical and Subtropical Countries-A Questionnaire Survey.
Journal of Travel Medicine 16:3, 186-190
Online publication date: 1-Jun-2009.
CrossRef Jocelyn Y. Ang, Ambika Mathur. (2009) Traveler’s Diarrhea: Updates for Pediatricians.
Pediatric Annals 37:12, 814-820
Online publication date: 1-Jan-2009.
CrossRef Udayakumar Navaneethan, Ralph A Giannella. (2008) Mechanisms of infectious diarrhea.
Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology & Hepatology 5:11, 637-647
Online publication date: 1-Dec-2008.
CrossRef Zoe Greenwood, James Black, Leisa Weld, Daniel O’Brien, Karin Leder, Frank Von Sonnenburg, Prativa Pandey, Eli Schwartz, Bradley A. Connor, Graham Brown, David O. Freedman, Joseph Torresi. (2008) Gastrointestinal Infection Among International Travelers Globally.
Journal of Travel Medicine 15:4, 221-228
Online publication date: 1-Aug-2008.
CrossRef Robert Steffen, Isis Amitirigala, Margot Mutsch. (2008) Health Risks Among Travelers—Need for Regular Updates.
Journal of Travel Medicine 15:3, 145-146
Online publication date: 1-Jun-2008.
CrossRef D. B. Huang, E. L. Brown, H. L. DuPont, J. Cerf, L. Carlin, J. Flores, J. Belkind-Gerson, J. P. Nataro, P. C. Okhuysen. (2008) Seroprevalence of the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli virulence factor dispersin among USA travellers to Cuernavaca, Mexico: a pilot study.
Journal of Medical Microbiology 57:4, 476-479
Online publication date: 1-May-2008.
CrossRef R. ten Hove, T. Schuurman, M. Kooistra, L. Möller, L. van Lieshout, J. J. Verweij. (2007) Detection of diarrhoea-causing protozoa in general practice patients in The Netherlands by multiplex real-time PCR.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection 13:10, 1001-1007
Online publication date: 1-Nov-2007.
CrossRef John W. Sanders, Robert W. Frenck, Shannon D. Putnam, Mark S. Riddle, James R. Johnston, Sefa Ulukan, David M. Rockabrand, Marshall R. Monteville, and David R. Tribble. (2007) Azithromycin and Loperamide Are Comparable to Levofloxacin and Loperamide for the Treatment of Traveler’s Diarrhea in United States Military Personnel in Turkey.
Clinical Infectious Diseases 45:3, 294-301
Online publication date: 1-Aug-2007.
Brian Gushulak, Maia Funk, Robert Steffen. (2007) Global Changes Related to Travelers? Health.
Journal of Travel Medicine 14:4, 205-208
Online publication date: 1-Aug-2007.
CrossRef R. Pitzurra, M. Mütsch, R. Steffen. (2007) Reisediarrhö.
Der Gastroenterologe 2:3, 161-169
Online publication date: 1-Jun-2007.
CrossRef Valérie Briand, Pierre Buffet, Sabine Genty, Karine Lacombe, Nadine Godineau, Jérome Salomon, Eric Vandemelbrouck, Pascal Ralaimazava, Catherine Goujon, Sophie Matheron, Arnaud Fontanet, and Olivier Bouchaud. (2006) Absence of Efficacy Of Nonviable
Lactobacillus acidophilus for the Prevention of Traveler's Diarrhea: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Controlled Study.
Clinical Infectious Diseases 43:9, 1170-1175
Online publication date: 1-Nov-2006.