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1 August 2005

Volume 192, Number 3
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2005;192:492–496
© 2005 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
0022-1899/2005/19203-0018$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/431514
BRIEF REPORT

Subtype C Is Associated with Increased Vaginal Shedding of HIV‐1

Grace C. John‐Stewart,1,3

Ruth W. Nduati,3

Christine M. Rousseau,2

Dorothy A. Mbori‐Ngacha,3

Barbra A. Richardson,1,2

Stephanie Rainwater,2

Dana D. Panteleeff,2 and

Julie Overbaugh2

1Departments of Medicine, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, and 2Divisions of Human Biology and Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 3Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–1–infected cells and HIV‐1 RNA levels in genital secretions and breast milk and the risk of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV‐1 were compared among subtypes A, C, and D in a Kenyan cohort. Pregnant women infected with subtype C were significantly more likely to shed HIV‐1–infected vaginal cells than were those infected with subtype A or D (odds ratio [OR], 3.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.4–8.8]; P=.006). This relationship held after adjusting for age, CD4 cell count, and plasma HIV‐1 RNA load (OR, 3.1 [95% CI, 1.1–8.6]; ). These observations suggest that HIV‐1 subtype influences mucosal shedding of HIV‐1.

Received 2 September 2004; accepted 3 March 2005; electronically published 23 June 2005.

Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Grace C. John‐Stewart, IARTP, Box 359909, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104 ().

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  • Financial support: National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant NICHD‐23412). G.C.J.‐S., R.W.N., and D.A.M.‐N. were scholars in the International AIDS Research and Training Program, supported by the Fogarty International Center, NIH (D43‐TW00007). G.C.J.‐S. was also supported by a K08 award from the NIH (NICHD‐01160). C.M.R. was supported by a Virology Training Grant (NIH NCI T32 CA09229). J.O. and G.C.J.‐S. are Elizabeth Glaser Scientists.

    Potential conflicts of interest: none reported.

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