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1 July 2005

Volume 192, Number 1
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2005;192:129–135
© 2005 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
0022-1899/2005/19201-0018$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/431365
MAJOR ARTICLE

Significant Reduction in Inflammatory Response in the Macaque Model of Chlamydial Pelvic Inflammatory Disease with Azithromycin Treatment

Dorothy L. Patton,1

Yvonne T. Cosgrove Sweeney,1 and

Walter E. Stamm2

Departments of 1Obstetrics and Gynecology and 2Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle

We inoculated 45 female macaques in the cervix with Chlamydia trachomatis once weekly for 5 weeks and randomly assigned them to treatment with doxycycline ( ), azithromycin ( ), or placebo ( ). At hysterectomy, cervical cultures remained positive in 12 of 21 placebo‐treated monkeys, versus 0 of 12 doxycycline‐ or azithromycin‐treated monkeys ( ); cervical ligase chain reaction remained positive in 15 placebo‐, 1 doxycycline‐, and 0 azithromycin‐treated monkeys. Tubal swabs remained positive in 3 placebo‐, 1 doxycycline‐, and 0 azithromycin‐treated monkeys. Immunopathologic damage was moderate to widespread in upper and lower reproductive‐tract tissues from placebo‐ and doxycycline‐treated monkeys but were significantly reduced in azithromycin‐treated monkeys. Transforming growth factor–β was also significantly less prevalent in azithromycin‐treated monkeys. Azithromycin treatment dramatically reduced the inflammatory response and was highly effective in eradicating C. trachomatis from the lower and upper reproductive tract (12/12), compared with doxycycline (7/12) and placebo (3/21).

Received 7 October 2004; accepted 7 December 2004; electronically published 25 May 2005.

Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Dorothy L. Patton, Dept. of OB/GYN, University of Washington, Box 356460, Seattle, WA 98195‐6460 ().

Cited by

Pragya Srivastava, Hem Chandra Jha, Sudha Salhan, Aruna Mittal. (2009) Azithromycin Treatment Modulates Cytokine Production in Chlamydia trachomatis Infected Women. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 104:6, 478-482
Online publication date: 1-Jul-2009.
CrossRef
Dorothy L. Patton, Yvonne T. Cosgrove Sweeney, Kathleen J. Paul. (2008) A Summary of Preclinical Topical Microbicide Vaginal Safety and Chlamydial Efficacy Evaluations in a Pigtailed Macaque Model. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 35:10, 889-897
Online publication date: 1-Nov-2008.
CrossRef
L Hafner, K Beagley, P Timms. (2008) Chlamydia trachomatis infection: host immune responses and potential vaccines. Mucosal Immunology 1:2, 116-130
Online publication date: 1-Apr-2008.
CrossRef
Catherine L. Haggerty and Roberta B. Ness. (2007) Newest Approaches to Treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Review of Recent Randomized Clinical Trials. Clinical Infectious Diseases 44:7, 953-960
Online publication date: 1-Apr-2007.
Abstract-Full Text-PDF Version (230 kB)
David Eschenbach. (2007) Editorial Commentary: Treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. Clinical Infectious Diseases 44:7, 961-963
Online publication date: 1-Apr-2007.
Citation-Full Text-PDF Version (153 kB)
Catherine L Haggerty, Roberta B Ness. (2006) Epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 4:2, 235-247
Online publication date: 1-May-2006.
CrossRef

  • Presented in part: 10th International Symposium on Human Chlamydial Infections, Anatalya, Turkey, 16–21 June 2002.

    Financial support: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (grant AI 40307‐02); Washington National Primate Research Center (grant RR 00166).

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