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15 July 2005

Volume 192, Number 2
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2005;192:303–310
© 2005 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
0022-1899/2005/19202-0014$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/430931
MAJOR ARTICLE

Type I Interferon Production Is Profoundly and Transiently Impaired in Primary HIV‐1 Infection

Isabelle Kamga,1

Sandrine Kahi,1,a

Leyla Develioglu,1

Miriam Lichtner,1,a

Concepción Marañón,1

Christiane Deveau,3

Laurence Meyer,3

Cécile Goujard,4

Pierre Lebon,2

Martine Sinet,5 and

Anne Hosmalin1

1Institut Cochin, Département d’Immunologie, INSERM U567, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, IFR 116, Université Paris V René Descartes, and 2Faculté de Médecine, IFR 116, Université René Descartes, Paris, and 3INSERM U569, Cohorte PRIMO–Agence Nationale de Recherche contre le Sida, 4Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de Bicêtre, and 5Unité INSERM E0109, Immunité antivirale systémique et cérébrale, Kremlin‐Bicêtre, France

Background.Successful immunological control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is achieved only in rare individuals. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) are mostly responsible for the production of strong antiviral factors—that is, type I interferons (IFNs)—in response to viruses. Their natural IFN production is impaired in chronic HIV infection, in correlation with viral load and disease progression, but it has not been tested during the critical stage of primary infection, when a balance is set between host immune responses and viral replication.

Methods.We longitudinally studied 26 patients during the primary stage of HIV infection. Fifteen patients received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for 12 months.

Results.At the time of inclusion into the cohort, median type I IFN production in response to herpes simplex virus type 1 stimulation was dramatically impaired in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HIV‐infected patients, compared with that in PBMCs from 31 uninfected donors (180 vs. 800 IU/mL; ). Median circulating plasmacytoid DC counts were also significantly decreased (7300 vs. 13,500 cells/mL; ). Twelve months later, IFN production returned to normal, and the data suggest that HAART may help in the recovery of IFN production by plasmacytoid DCs.

Conclusions.These data underline the potential for early antiretroviral treatment and IFN‐α treatment to enhance viral control in a larger proportion of patients during the critical stage of primary infection.

Received 2 December 2004; accepted 10 February 2005; electronically published 15 June 2005.

Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Anne Hosmalin, Immunology Dept., Institut Cochin, INSERM U 567, 27 rue du Fg St‐Jacques, Bât G. Roussy, 8è étage, 75014 Paris, France ().

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  • Presented in part: 12th International Congress of Immunology and 4th Annual Conference of the Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies, Montreal, Canada, 22 July 2004.

    Financial support: Agence Nationale de Recherche contre le Sida; Ensemble contre le SIDA (Sidaction); Institut National de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM).

  • Present affiliations: INSERM SC‐10, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France (S.K.); Dipartimento Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Policlinico Umberto 1‐Universita di Roma la Sapienza, Rome, Italy (M.L.).

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