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More Light than Heat
--Surprising reasons why lizards bask in the sun--

Keeping warm isn’t the only reason lizards and other cold-blooded critters bask in the sun. According to a study published in the May/June issue of Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, chameleons alter their sunbathing behavior based on their need for vitamin D.

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"Lizards sunbathe for another reason" April 15, 2009
Panther Chameleons, Furcifer pardalis, Behaviorally Regulate Optimal Exposure to UV Depending on Dietary Vitamin D3 Status
Kristopher B. Karsten, Gary W. Ferguson, Tai C. Chen and Michael F. Holick
A lounging lizard might not bask just for warmth — it may be getting a much-needed hit of vitamin D. A new study reports that panther chameleons set their sunbathing schedule depending on how much vitamin D they need. The research, published online and in the May/June Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, shows how adept animals are at responding to bodily needs and has implications for how conservation groups, zoos and pet owners care for their reptilian critters, scientists say.

May/June 2005

Volume 78, Number 3
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 78(3):347–355. 2005.
1522-2152/2005/7803-4043$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/430034

Factorial Aerobic Scope Is Independent of Temperature and Primarily Modulated by Heart Rate in Exercising Murray Cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii)

T. D. Clark1,* 

T. Ryan2 

B. A. Ingram3 

A. J. Woakes4 

P. J. Butler4 

P. B. Frappell1,

1Adaptational and Evolutionary Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; 2Freshwater Ecology Division, Arthur Rylah Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia; 3Department of Primary Industries, Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute, Eildon, Victoria 3713, Australia; 4School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom

Several previous reports, often from studies utilising heavily instrumented animals, have indicated that for teleosts, the increase in cardiac output ( ) during exercise is mainly the result of an increase in cardiac stroke volume (VS) rather than in heart rate (fH). More recently, this contention has been questioned following studies on animals carrying less instrumentation, though the debate continues. In an attempt to shed more light on the situation, we examined the heart rates and oxygen consumption rates ( ; normalised to a mass of 1 kg, given as ) of six Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii; kg) equipped with implanted fH and body temperature data loggers. Data were determined during exposure to varying temperatures and swimming speeds to encompass the majority of the biological scope of this species. An increase in body temperature (Tb) from 14°C to 29°C resulted in linear increases in (26.67–41.78 μmol min−1 kg−1) and fH (22.3–60.8 beats min−1) during routine exercise but a decrease in the oxygen pulse (the amount of oxygen extracted per heartbeat; 1.28–0.74 μmol beat−1 kg−1). During maximum exercise, the factorial increase in was calculated to be 3.7 at all temperatures and was the result of temperature‐independent 2.2‐ and 1.7‐fold increases in fH and oxygen pulse, respectively. The constant factorial increases in fH and oxygen pulse suggest that the cardiovascular variables of the Murray cod have temperature‐independent maximum gains that contribute to maximal oxygen transport during exercise. At the expense of a larger factorial aerobic scope at an optimal temperature, as has been reported for species of salmon and trout, it is possible that the Murray cod has evolved a lower, but temperature‐independent, factorial aerobic scope as an adaptation to the largely fluctuating and unpredictable thermal climate of southeastern Australia.

Accepted 7/6/2004; Electronically Published 5/3/2005

Cited by

C. R. White, J. S. Terblanche, A. P. Kabat, T. M. Blackburn, S. L. Chown, P. J. Butler. (2008) Allometric scaling of maximum metabolic rate: the influence of temperature. Functional Ecology 22:4, 616-623
Online publication date: 1-Sep-2008.
CrossRef
T. D. CLARK, P. J. BUTLER, P. B. FRAPPELL. (2006) Factors influencing the prediction of metabolic rate in a reptile. Functional Ecology 20:1, 105-113
Online publication date: 1-Mar-2006.
CrossRef
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