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1 May 2005

Volume 191, Number 9
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2005;191:1451–1459
© 2005 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
0022-1899/2005/19109-0011$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/429300
MAJOR ARTICLE

Dendritic and Natural Killer Cell Subsets Associated with Stable or Declining CD4+ Cell Counts in Treated HIV‐1–Infected Children

L. Azzoni,1

R. M. Rutstein,2

J. Chehimi,1

M. A. Farabaugh,1

A. Nowmos,2 and

L. J. Montaner1

1Wistar Institute and 2Children Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Background.Natural killer (NK) cells and plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) are depleted, and their function impaired, in advanced adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–1 infection. Studies in perinatally infected children are lacking.

Methods.Percentages of NK cells and plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs were evaluated by flow cytometry. Forty children with perinatal HIV‐1 infection were compared with 11 age‐matched, uninfected children. Plasmacytoid and myeloid DC function was evaluated by activation‐induced cytokine secretion.

Results.Virally suppressed children had normal levels of circulating plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs and total NK cells but had sustained depletion of a mature (CD3−/161+/56+/16+) NK cell subset and decreased interferon‐α secretion by plasmacytoid DCs. Despite similar viral loads, percentages of myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs and mature NK cells were significantly lower in viremic children with a history of decreasing CD4+ cell percentages, compared with children with stable CD4+ cell counts.

Conclusions.Children achieve partial reconstitution of myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs and NK cells during viral suppression; irrespective of viral load, a clinical history of decreasing CD4+ cell percentage is associated with greater depletion of these subsets. We hypothesize that the evaluation of selected innate‐immunity effector cells may serve as a marker of CD4+ cell loss in pediatric HIV‐1 infection.

Received 27 September 2004; accepted 24 November 2004; electronically published 30 March 2005.

Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Luis J. Montaner, HIV‐1 Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104‐4268 ().

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Xiomara Usuga, Carlos Julio Montoya, Alan L Landay, Maria Teresa Rugeles. (2009) Characterization of Quantitative and Functional Innate Immune Parameters in HIV-1-Infected Colombian Children Receiving Stable Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 49:4, 348-357
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  • Presented in part: 11th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, San Francisco, California, 8–11 February 2004 (abstract 913).

    Financial support: National Institutes of Health (grants AI51225 and AI47760); Elisabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (grant 51267‐27‐PG); the Philadelphia Foundation; Mrs. M. Stengel Miller’s support of the HIV‐1 Partnership Program for Basic Research; Commonwealth Universal Research Enhancement Program, Pennsylvania Department of Health.

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