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1 December 2004

Volume 190, Number 11
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2004;190:1962–1969
© 2004 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
0022-1899/2004/19011-0012$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/425518
MAJOR ARTICLE

Demographic Factors That Influence the Neutralizing Antibody Response in Recipients of Recombinant HIV‐1 gp120 Vaccines

David C. Montefiori,1

Barbara Metch,2

M. Juliana McElrath,3

Steve Self,2

Kent J. Weinhold,1 and

Lawrence Corey,3 for the

HIV Vaccine Trials Network

1Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 2Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention and 3University of Washington, Seattle

We compared neutralizing antibody responses in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 gp120 vaccine recipients by age, sex, and race. Four phase 1 or 2 trials involving 505 vaccinated subjects were analyzed. Age and sex had no detectable effect on neutralizing antibody responses. However, race influenced the response to one vaccine, MN gp120, in alum. Four inoculations with this vaccine generated higher serum titers of neutralizing antibodies in African Americans than in whites. Despite potent neutralization of T cell line–adapted HIV‐1, serum from these African Americans failed to neutralize primary HIV‐1 isolates. Neutralizing antibody responses did not differ between races when SF2 gp120 in MF‐59 was administered either alone or with recombinant canarypox vCP205; they also did not differ when vCP1452 was administered either alone or with AIDSVAX B/B in alum. These data indicate that race may affect the neutralizing antibody response to some gp120 immunogens. To fully evaluate immunogenicity, clinical trials of candidate vaccines should enroll diverse populations of subjects.

Received 8 March 2004; accepted 15 June 2004; electronically published 28 October 2004.

Reprints or correspondence: Dr. David C. Montefiori, Dept. of Surgery, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research and Development, PO Box 2926, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 ().

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  • Presented in part: AIDS Vaccine 2003, New York, September 18–21 2003 (abstract 121).

    Financial support: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (grants AI46705 and AI48017).

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