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1 December 2002

Volume 186, Number 11
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2002;186:1558–1564
© 2002 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
0022-1899/2002/18611-0003$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/345554

Hepatitis C Virus Seroconversion among Young Injection Drug Users: Relationships and Risks

Judith A. Hahn,1,6

Kimberly Page‐Shafer,2

Paula J. Lum,2

Philippe Bourgois,4

Ellen Stein,1

Jennifer L. Evans,1

Michael P. Busch,3,5

Leslie H. Tobler,5

Bruce Phelps,7 and

Andrew R. Moss1

Departments of 1Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2Medicine, 3Laboratory Medicine, and 4Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 5Blood Centers of the Pacific, San Francisco, 6Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, and 7Chiron, Emeryville, California

The present study examined reasons for the high incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among young injection drug users (IDUs). IDUs <30 years old who tested negative for HCV antibody were enrolled in a prospective cohort. Risk factors for seroconversion were examined using time‐dependent regression analyses: 48 of 195 IDUs seroconverted to HCV, for an incidence rate of 25.1/100 person‐years (95% confidence interval, 18.7–32.9/100 person‐years). Independent risk factors included sharing needles with an HCV‐infected sex partner (borderline statistical significance, ) or a person who was not a sex partner, sharing nonsterile drug‐preparation equipment, pooling money with another IDU to buy drugs, and exchanging sex for money. Ubiquitous behaviors among young IDUs, such as the forming of injecting or sexual partnerships and consequent sharing of needles and drug preparation equipment, are risk factors for HCV. Interventions to reduce HCV transmission must recognize the importance of relationships on injecting risk.

Received 2 May 2002; revised 6 August 2002; electronically published 4 November 2002.

Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Judith A. Hahn, University of California, San Francisco, Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco General Hospital, 995 Potrero Ave., Bldg. 90, Ward 95, San Francisco, CA 94110 ().

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  • All participants in the both the epidemiological and the ethnographic studies gave informed consent, and the protocols were approved by the institutional review boards of the University of California, San Francisco, and the University of California, Berkeley.

    Financial support: National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Drug Abuse (grants R01‐DA‐12803 and R01‐DA‐10164). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) EIA–3, RIBA‐3, and HCV‐TMA testing were provided by Chiron. B.P. is an employee and stockholder of Chiron.

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